Erring out of Ignorance and Erring Despite One’s Knowledge
We have to make a distinction between one who errs out of ignorance and one who errs despite his knowledge.
Mistakes Stemming from Ijtihad and Mistakes Done Deliberately
We need to make a distinction between mistakes stemming from an honest effort to find out what is right (ijtihad), and mistakes done deliberately, out of negligence or because of shortcomings.